13:1a, 11a And the dragon stood on the shore of the sea. And I saw a beast coming out of the sea.… Then I saw another beast, coming out of the earth. As we saw in the commentary on chapter 12, the “dragon” symbolizes Satan, the leader and personification of the forces of evil allied against God and his church.1 The “sea” is an ancient Middle Eastern symbol for the forces of evil and chaos.2 From out of the sea, the reservoir of evil, the dragon summons a great “beast.” Later, in verse 11, a second
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